Dogs can experience frostbite when temperatures are below freezing.
Dogs can suffer in temperatures that are excessively hot or cold. You should take extra precautions to keep your dog safe and comfortable when outdoor temperatures are in excess of 80 degrees Fahrenheit or below 45 degrees F.
Winter
Wind-chill in winter can drop the temperature much lower than what your thermometer indicates. Some breeds have thick undercoats that help them stay warm in cold temperatures. Generally, short-haired dogs and small dogs are affected by cold and wind-chill quicker than large long-haired dogs. If your dog is small or has short hair, you should buy a warm jacket or sweater for him to wear outdoors in winter. If he has to live outside during the winter, make sure he has a cozy house with warm bedding.
Make sure an outdoor dog has plenty of fresh water. When temperatures are below freezing, dogs can suffer from hypothermia and frostbite. If you believe your dog has either of these conditions, wrap him in warm blankets and take him to a veterinarian immediately.
Summer
Excessive panting and exhaustion can be signs of heatstroke.
Temperatures over 80 degrees Fahrenheit can induce heatstroke. If you believe your dog has heatstroke, bring his body temperature down with cool water. Do not use ice, ice-cold water or alcohol. Also do not rub or massage your dog. Take him to your veterinarian immediately for intravenous fluids. If your dog has to stay outdoors in extreme heat, make certain he has plenty of shade and water.
Behavior
Instead of watching the thermometer, observe your dog's behavior. If he is shivering or standing in a hunched position, he is too cold. If he is panting excessively and acting disoriented, he may be suffering heat stroke. Like humans, dogs react differently to extreme temperatures, depending upon their age, condition and breed. Law enforcement officers use the Tufts Animal Care and Condition (TACC) scale to determine cases of criminal negligence. This scale may help you determine your dog's tolerance levels.
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