Invisible 'fences' involving shock collars are popular.
True electric fences--physical barriers with strong electrical charges--are generally reserved for use with large livestock. However, invisible "fences" involving shock collars are increasingly common as containment systems for dogs. These are generally considered to be more humane than traditional barrier fences.
Function
Electric pet fences are usually buried, and therefore invisible to the naked eye. Hidden fences teach dogs to remain inside a given boundary through the use of negative re-enforcement in the form of mild electric shock.
Negative Effects
In 2007, the Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science published a report of five normally docile dogs who engaged in "severe attacks" against humans during electric-fence training. The authors conclude that electric shock can condition a dog to become aggressive.
Legal Issues
Shock collars, necessary components of electric dog fences, are banned in many jurisdictions. Local, state or national laws may preclude the use of hidden fences.
Potential Benefits
The benefits associated with electric dog fences are primarily aesthetic. In areas where neighborhood ordinances ban the use of barrier-fences, invisible containment systems may be the only option.
Considerations
While studies have suggested that hidden fences can cause dogs to become more aggressive, many dog owners have used these containment systems without noticeable changes in their dogs' behaviors.
Expert Insight
The majority of animal-welfare organizations disapprove of the use of shock collars and electric dog fences. Notable opponents include the U.K. Kennel Club, British Columbian SPCA, New Zealand SPCA and Canadian Veterinary Medical Association.
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